Raws li cov khoom siv electrode classic ntev siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam electrochemical, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau lead anodes yog tsis tsuas yog muab cov khoom ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha anode functionality rau hydrometallurgical thiab electrolytic cov txheej txheem, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lawv qhov kev tshwm sim muaj nuj nqis ntawm electrochemical mechanism ntawm "tswj dissolution- deg passivation electrolytic" ntawm cov hlau. Qhov no muab cov qauv tseem ceeb thiab kev sim hauv paus rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov txheej txheem interfacial.
Los ntawm electrochemical theoretical foundations, tus cwj pwm ntawm txhuas anodes nyob rau hauv sulfate electrolytes qhia ib tug raug ob- theem yam ntxwv: raws li thawj energization, ib tug oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim ntawm cov hlau lead substrate nto, generating soluble lead ions uas nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj; Thaum lub zos lead ion concentration nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj mus txog supersaturation, ib tug lead sulfate (PbSO₄) zaj duab xis sai sai thiab adheres rau lub anode nto. Cov zaj duab xis passivation no muaj cov khoom siv semiconductor thiab ionic conductivity nyob rau hauv ib qho kev muaj peev xwm thiab qhov ceev tam sim no, ob qho tib si tiv thaiv ntxiv sai sai ntawm cov substrate thiab tso cai rau tam sim no dhau mus, yog li tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrolysis tas li. Qhov no "tus kheej- txwv kev sib cais" mechanism yog ib qho kev ruaj khov passivation tshwm sim hauv electrochemistry, thiab ib qho kev kawm classic rau kev kawm passivation kinetics thiab zaj duab xis qauv evolution ntawm hlau anodes.
Tus nqi scientific ntawm cov hlau lead anode daim hlau kuj yog nyob rau hauv qhov tunable ntawm lawv interfacial electrochemical tus cwj pwm. Los ntawm kev qhia cov ntsiab lus xws li calcium, tin, thiab antimony los ntawm alloying, microstructure, grain loj, thiab lub zog saum npoo ntawm cov hlau lead matrix tuaj yeem hloov pauv, yog li cuam tshuam rau nucleation thiab kev loj hlob tus nqi, zaj duab xis ntom ntom, thiab adhesion ntawm txhuas sulfate zaj duab xis. Kev tshawb fawb txog cov alloy no-interface synergistic effect ua rau qhov kev nkag siab ntawm cov txheej txheem microscopic ntawm electrode/solution interface nyob rau hauv multi-hlau systems thiab muab theoretical kev taw qhia rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv anode nrog ntev lifespans thiab ntau dua stability.
Nyob rau theem kev tshawb fawb, cov hlau lead anode tau ua haujlwm ntev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm electrolytic refining thiab electroplating kev lag luam ntawm cov hlau xws li tooj liab, zinc, thiab txhuas. Lawv ruaj khov oxygen evolution overpotential thiab nruab nrab impurity suppression muaj peev xwm xyuas kom meej tias cov purity thiab tam sim no efficiency ntawm cathode cov khoom nyob twj ywm nyob rau theem siab. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb tom qab qhov tshwm sim no suav nrog kev sib tw ua haujlwm hauv txoj kev tshuaj tiv thaiv anolyte. Hauv kev daws teeb meem sulfate, lub siab oxygen evolution overpotential ntawm cov hlau lead anode txo qis oxygen evolution, txo qis zog noj. Ib txhij, cov hlau lead sulfate zaj duab xis rau saum npoo muab qee qhov cuam tshuam rau impurity ions, txo lawv txoj hauv kev nkag mus rau electrolyte, yog li macroscopically txhim kho tag nrho cov kev xaiv ntawm electrolysis system. Hauv - kev tshawb fawb tob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no tau tsav kev txhim kho cov khoom siv ua haujlwm anode tsim hauv electrochemical engineering.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov siv dua ntawm cov hlau lead anode daim hlau ua ke nrog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv peev txheej rov ua dua tshiab. Cov hmoov txhuas muaj cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg thiab cov txheej txheem smelting paub tab; khib nyiab anode daim hlau tuaj yeem muab rov ua dua thiab rov ua dua tshiab rau hauv cov khoom tsim nyog. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog cov teeb meem kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb xws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau theem, kev sib cais impurity, thiab kev tswj cov txheej txheem solidification, muab cov piv txwv zoo rau kev kaw - kev siv cov khoom siv hlau hnyav.
Los ntawm txoj kev kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb yooj yim, cov hlau lead anode, vim lawv cov txheej txheem kev npaj ua tiav, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, thiab kev sim ua kom pom tseeb, feem ntau yog siv los ua cov kev sim hauv kev qhia thiab kev tshawb fawb. Lawv tau siv los ua kom pom cov anode passivation, tus cwj pwm ntawm zaj duab xis, thiab electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tsom xam, pab cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov kws tshawb fawb nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem electrode kinetics, kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntsej muag, thiab cov khoom siv degradation mechanisms.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau lead anode daim hlau tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov tswv yim kev lag luam daim ntawv thov raws li electrodes, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lawv lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv nthuav tawm lub passivation mechanism ntawm hlau anodes, interfacial txheej txheem kev tswj, thiab cov kev pab cuam ub cov ntsiab lus. Lawv lub sijhawm ntev - daim ntawv thov thiab kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua tau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm electrochemical theoretical system, txhawb kev nce qib ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm thiab kev ua tau zoo hauv kev tsav tsheb kev lag luam ntsuab thiab kev tsim kho kom ruaj khov.
